What Is International Law All about Free Essay Example, 3500 words

In general, customary law and law made by international agreement have equal authority as international law. Parties may assign higher priority to one of the sources by agreement. However, some rules of international law are recognized by the international community as peremptory, permitting no derogation. Such rules can be changed or modified only by a subsequent peremptory norm of international law. The aim of international law is to monitor the behavior between states since where there exists a community of states, the maintaining of law and order becomes essential. A state will, as a general rule, do its utmost to act within the confines of the framework of rules which make up international law. Any state disregarding these general principles of peaceful and cooperative cohabitation between states runs the risk of incurring the disapproval of the fellow states in the community. Such disapproval will hardly ever limit itself to a tag of a bad reputation, but could even lead to severe consequences. Several Jurists are still sceptical about the status of International law as true law as they opine that international law exhibits the characteristics of flexibility and indeterminacy .We will write a custom essay sample on What Is International Law All about or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The development and enforcement of International Law ultimately depend on the Political will of Sovereign States .

Healthcare Difference Between Us and India Free Essays

Health Care in the United States is described as the â€Å"cottage industry† it has been fragmented at the national, state, community and practice levels. There is not one single entity or set of policies guiding the health care system; Furthermore, this fragile primary care system is on the verge of collapse according to the Commonwealth Fund Commission. (A. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Difference Between Us and India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shih, 2008) The fragmentation of our delivery system is a fundamental contributor to the poor overall performance of the U. S. health care system. In our fragmented system: * patients and families navigate unassisted across different providers and care settings, fostering frustrating and dangerous patient experiences; * poor communication and lack of clear accountability for a patient among multiple providers lead to medical errors, waste, and duplication; * the absence of peer accountability, quality improvement infrastructure, and clinical information systems foster poor overall quality of care; and * high-cost, intensive medical intervention is rewarded over higher-value primary care, including preventive medicine and the management of chronic illness. No single policy will fix the fragmentation of our health care system. Rather, a comprehensive approach is required—one that might lead progressively to greater organization and better performance. The following strategies were recommended: (A. Shih, 2008) * Payment reform. Provider payment reform offers the opportunity to stimulate greater organization as well as higher performance. The predominant fee-for-service payment system fuels the fragmentation of our delivery system. We recommend that payers move away from fee-for-service toward bundled payment systems that reward coordinated, high-value care. In addition, we recommend expanding pay-for-performance programs to reward high-quality, patient-centered care. The more organization in delivery systems, the more feasible these payment reforms become (Exhibit ES-1). These payment reforms also could spur organization, since they reward optimal care over the continuum of services. Specifically, we believe that: Patient incentives. Patients should be given incentives to choose to receive care from high-quality, high-value delivery systems. This requires performance measurement systems that adequately distinguish among delivery systems. * Regulatory changes. The regulatory environment should be modified to facilitate clinical integration among providers. * Accreditation. There should be accreditation programs that focus on the six attributes of an ideal delivery system we have identified. Payers and consumers should be encouraged to base decisions on payment and provider networks on such information, in tandem with performance measurement data. * Provider training. Current training programs for physicians and other health professionals do not adequately prepare providers to practice in an organized delivery system or team-based environment. Provider training programs should be required to teach systems-based skills and competencies, including population health, and be encouraged to include clinical training in organized delivery systems. Government infrastructure support. We recognize that in certain regions or for specific populations, formal organized delivery systems may not develop on their own. In such instances, we propose that the government play a greater role in facilitating or establishing the infrastructure for an organized delivery system, for example through assistance in establishing care coordination networks, care management services, after-hours coverage, health information technology, and performance improvement activities. Health information technology. Health information technology provides critical infrastructure for an organized delivery system. Providers should be required to implement and utilize certified electronic health records that meet functionality, interoperability, and security standards, and to participate in health information exchange across providers and care settings within five years These do not necessarily mean it will fix the health care system as we know it, but could generate, a better understand on what is expected of the United States as a whole, when the Medicare and Medicaid system is done away with, those born in the late 60’s to 2000’s will probably not benefit from the Medicare or Social Security system, when they reach the age of 65, Why you might ask, because the way the economy is going these systems will be obsolete in the future, while the Government is trying to build a better ntity, they will probably in fact, not accomplish this, it is my understanding that they will be doing away with the Medicaid program by the year 2012, this will be a great burden to those who are currently on this, If the Government could make it easier for those who can’t afford insurance to acquire commercial insurance at a lesser cost, then the majority would be get these types of insurances, (ex Cigna, Humana, Aetna, BCBS, United Healthcare) I work in the medical field, I see daily the abuse some of these patients are taking from the Government in regards to their medical care, one month they have the insurance, the next they are on what is called â€Å"Share of Cost†,(SOC) this is just like an HMO or PPO, you have a deductable to reach every month, the only problems is, these patients do not have any money to pay, so they have to go to the local Hospital, to get their SOC covered, the patient see’s is as a convenience while the Hospitals sees it as a nuisance. Our fragmented health care delivery system delivers poor-quality, high-cost care. We cannot achieve a higher-performing health system without reorganization at the practice, community, state, and national levels. This report focuses on the community level, for which we have identified six attributes of an ideal delivery system. Our vision of health care delivery is not out of reach; some delivery systems have achieved these attributes, and they have done so in a variety of ways. We can no longer afford, nor should we tolerate, the outcomes of our fragmented health care system. We need to move away from a cottage industry in which providers have no relationship with, or accountability to, one another. Though we acknowledge that creating a more organized delivery system will be difficult, the recommendations put forth in this report offer a concrete approach to stimulate greater organization for higher performance. (A. Shih, 2008) In India, Primary Health Centers (PHCs) are the cornerstone of rural healthcare; a first port of call for the sick and an effective referral system; in addition to being the main focus of social and economic development of the community. It forms the first level of contact and a link between individuals and the national health system; bringing healthcare delivery as close as possible to where people live and work. (Patel, 2005) Primary healthcare services substantially affects the general health of a population, however many factors undermine the quality and efficiency of primary healthcare services in developing countries. In India, although there are many reasons for poor PHC performance, almost all of them stem from weak stewardship of the sector, which produces a poor incentive framework. The World Health Organization (WHO) specifically points out that to some extent, the deterioration in health status is attributed to inadequacies in PHC implementation, neglecting the wider factors that have been responsible for this deterioration such as lack of political commitment, inadequate allocation of financial resources to PHCs and stagnation of inter-sectoral strategies and community participation. The main ones being bureaucratic approach to healthcare provision, lack of accountability and responsiveness to the general public and incongruence between available funding and commitments. The current PHC structure is extremely rigid, making it unable to respond effectively to local realities and needs. For instance, the number of ANMs per PHC is the same throughout the country despite the fact that some states have twice the fertility level of others. Moreover, political interference in the location of health facilities often results in an irrational distribution of PHCs and sub-centers. Government health departments are focused on implementing government norms, paying salaries, ensuring the minimum facilities are available rather than measuring health system performance or health outcomes. Further, the public health system is managed and overseen by District Health Officers. Although they are qualified doctors, they have barely any training in public health management; strengthening the capacity for public health management at the district and taluk level is crucial to improving public sector performance. Patel, 2005) Primary, secondary, generalist and specialist care, all have important and inclusive roles in the healthcare system and should be used to create a comprehensive and integrated model; one that combines universalism and economic realism with the objective of providing coverage for all. (Patel, 2005)| | The majority of these countries are trying to make it better for all to achieve the best health care entity possible; we are trying to make sure that everyone is covered by insurance. REFERENCES A. Shih, K. Davis, S. Schoenbaum, A. Gauthier, R. Nuzum, and D. McCarthy, Organizing the U. S. Health Care Delivery System for High Performance, The Commonwealth Fund, August 2008 (A. Shih, 2008) Express Healthcare Mgmt. Business Publications Division, Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Ltd. , Express Towers, 1st floor, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021 (Patel, 2005) How to cite Healthcare Difference Between Us and India, Papers

Performance management employee participation

Many companies are developing the practice of performance management mainly to shape the way employees carry out their daily job responsibilities and complete their daily task. If possible this practice should make employees feel comfortable at the work place however, this has not been the case, many employees are not satisfied especially with the way managers promote goal-directed behaviors in the organization.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Performance management: employee participation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has led to a decrease in employee motivation, poor job attitudes and reduced job efforts. This means that the communication between managers and employees in the organization when they were trying to employ performance management did not yield any good results. Many companies are therefore seeking best alternative ways which they can implement and design the practice of performance man agement in the organization that will ensure that employees are motivated to work extra hard in their daily tasks at the work place. There are some companies that have managed to actively improve the approach used in performance management and they have obtained positive results. An example being Jewelers Mutual Insurance Company (JMI) who has obtained encouraging results ever since the company began to implement new approaches on performance management practice. Initially, the employees in the organization were also dissatisfied with the approach used in goal-setting and feedback to manage their job performance. Jewelers Mutual Insurance Company decided to redesign their efforts to create a program that was more viable and satisfactory for the parties involved. The company began by involving a consultant who interviewed top leaders in Jewelers Mutual Insurance Company (JMI). They also used focus group to get feedback from organization members. The company used an approach that was more inclusive and participative which enabled them to discover their current performance management problems that the company was facing. After identifying where the problem was, they decided to implement the proposed changes in performance management practice with a hope that it will help fix the issues. This shows how important employee participation is in human resource when a company is developing practical management system. As seen above, if employees are involved in performance management practice then effective management will be obtained as a result of employee satisfaction.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After receiving feedback from employees and the managers, the consultants decided to make several changes to performance management system in Jewelers Mutual Insurance Company (JMI). Some of the things which were changed are: inconsistencies that existed whe n performance management system was administered. Problems that existed in the forms and techniques of rating were also changed. Other things which were also targeted are challenges that linked pay to performance. These challenges were redesigned in a way that it could no longer affect the company. Specific improvements were felt after several changes were made in performance management practice in Jewelers Mutual Insurance Company (JMI). Today, evaluations are mainly based on accountability metrics, job goals and narratives. Jewelers Mutual Insurance Company (JMI) is providing their employees with feedback on quarterly basis. The employees are also given strong compensation to appreciate their efforts. The performance management system has gone far to function not only in the organization set up but also in concerts and in other elements related to human resource management. In conclusion, in order to successfully implement performance management system in any organization, the man agement involved in the process should involve the employees in the management process. They should follow what Jewelers Mutual Insurance Company (JMI) did by developing an approach that will motivate the employees to work extra hard in their daily tasks within the organization. They should also consider changing the forms and techniques of rating their employees, targeted challenges that are linked to pay employees after their performance and finally they should compensate/ reward employees for every effort they put in their jobs. This case study on Performance management: employee participation was written and submitted by user Cailyn Lee to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Expository Essay Writing

Expository Essay Writing Here are the main steps to follow when writing an expository essay. An expository essay is a type of paper, in which a student is supposed to set a concrete argument and then support it within the text. It is strongly recommended to plan your paper before writing it. The writer needs to find a good analytical question and create a powerful thesis statement. The main goals of an expository essay may be expressed by the following statements: An expository essay performs the analysis of a concrete concept. An expository essay is about an event, a situation or a scientific work. An expository essay explains some instructions  or describes how things should be done. To get a complete answer to the question What is an expository essay?, read our article on this topic: What Is an Expository Essay? Below are some tips for expository writing from our professional writers. 6  Steps of Expository Essay Writing Expository essays need to follow a specific pattern. Here are steps a student needs to take in order to create a substantial expository essay. Step 1:  Keep the main topic in sight. The topic is expected to be easy enough but try not to make it too general or too narrow. And if you have a choice of the subject, try something interesting and new. Select a topic which is exciting to read and avoid those ones that are difficult to write on. Step 2:  Collect the facts, do the background research. In the first place remember to mention the facts from reliable sources like peer-reviewed journals, books, and newspapers. It is a great idea to use statistics, research findings, chronicles of previous events and historical facts – everything that will provide your reader with a broad picture of the topic you have chosen. Step 3:  Define your thesis statement. Try to use this statement in the first paragraph. You may also mention your thesis statement in the last sentence of your essay. If you put it in your first paragraph, you should dwell on it in greater detail in subsequent sentences. If you decide to put the statement at the end, make sure the sentences preceding it are logically connected with one another, and gradually lead the reader to your thesis statement. Step 4:  Group the facts in body paragraphs.  Each body paragraph should offer one main idea. Use relevant facts and figures in each body paragraph. Avoid repeating same facts in different paragraphs. Step 5:  Use transition sentences between paragraphs. You should finish one paragraph logically and then transit into the next one, making your entire text coherent and logical. If you dont do this, your essay will lose its flow and structure. Step 6:  Make a conclusion.The conclusion of the essay sums up the essay and reiterates its main thoughts. Try not to repeat what you mentioned in your introduction to avoid redundancy in your text. Now when you are familiar with the main steps of expository writing, lets choose the topic for an expository essay: 50 Most Popular Expository Essay Topics Knowing the main rules and principles of expository essay writing you will be able to create excellent expository essays. If you have questions or still need additional clarification,  contact us, please. If you need your expository essay to be written and well-structured, place an order.  

Returning a Call and Replying to a Message

Returning a Call and Replying to a Message Returning a Call and Replying to a Message Returning a Call and Replying to a Message By Maeve Maddox A person who is not able to speak to a caller at the time a call is placed, telephones the person who called at a later time. The phrase used to describe this exchange of phone calls is â€Å"to return a phone call.† This use of return is suitable in the context of telephoning, but it is not the best choice for other forms of communication. In the context of written messages, â€Å"to return† is commonly understood to mean â€Å"to send back† or â€Å"to reject.† For example: She returned his letters unread. I keep getting all these emails returned undelivered. Senders are getting their  emails returned  when sending to our gmail account. Some speakers, perhaps by analogy with telephoning, use return as if it meant, reply, respond, or respond to. Here are some examples, together with revisions: He returned my message right away. BETTER: He replied to my message right away. I suggested a date to visit his institution but  he never returned my email. BETTER: I suggested a date to visit his institution, but he never replied to my email. The doctor never returned my message  or sent any kind of confirmation that  he  received it. BETTER: The doctor never responded to my message or sent any kind of confirmation that he received it. They  never returned my request  for information. BETTER: They never responded to my request for information. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsYay, Hooray, Woo-hoo and Other AcclamationsPassed vs Past

Societal role in advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Societal role in advertising - Essay Example This role can be both a reflection on the society or the probability of what is expected by the society in future. Recently, a range of companies have picked up advertising styles that incorporates social dimensions (Drumwright 71). This is attributed to the fact that the society is experiencing a lot of changes through the effects of fatal diseases like HIV/AIDS, cancer and lifestyle diseases. In addition, the third gender; homosexuality and immoral behavior like rape and drug abuse have had a huge influence on how adverts are framed nowadays. In real sense, marketers have no choice but frame their product adverts in a manner that can indicate a solution to what the society’s trends demand. For instance, in relation to HIV/AIDS, marketers already understand teenagers are sexually active and there is little they can do to change it. Therefore, the best solution they can offer is provide means that can help in reduce the spread of this deadly disease like through the use of con doms. This indicates how a society dictates how adverts frame the products (Drumwright 73). A society has power in dictating what they certainly expect from manufacturers. This means that every trend and lifestyle creates a problem that manufacturers are tasked with to solve as quickly as possible. Literally, a societal role is creating problems that adverts have to make sure they frame it in a manner that displays a solution. Through such problems though, companies come up with breakthrough innovations that turn out to be huge cash cows.

Companies in the Financial Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

Companies in the Financial Industry - Essay Example Other companies and their strategies will also be examined in an attempt to discover if they will reach the pinnacle, for which they are aimed, or if they will fail in their efforts to knock the ‘king off his mountain’. In order to reach the top in the financial services industry, and, an even more difficult task; to stay there, a certain amount of attitude can be a good thing, and some experts may even say it is more than likely a necessary thing. Some of the companies discussed herein have that ‘attitude’ and some of them don’t. Initially, the focus of this paper was to be on a number of the oldest and most well known New York Stock Exchange firms such as Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Kidder Peabody, JP Morgan, Chase Manhattan and Prudential. It soon became clear that such material, both printed and electronic, that was available concerning such firms was rather limited and focused on banal items such as; financials and profit/loss statements. Finding scholarly papers or journal reports written about the history of such firms was nearly as difficult as was discovering books (both fiction and non-fiction) about the same subject. A grand total of five books covering Wall Street history were discovered in the local library system, with only one book on site.   A detailed search at the local university’s library was not nearly as productive as had been hoped either.  Not only was there a limited supply of books covering Wall Street’s history, there was even less in the way of books wri tten about specific firms.   Books such as Charles R. Geisst’s; Wall Street: A History and 100 Years of Wall Street provided a detailed and rich history of Wall Street, but not a dearth of specific details concerning companies themselves.